THE SUN EXERTS SOLAR REPULSION FORCE (SRF). All rest bodies of the System exert force of GRAVITATION. The Sun REPELS while all rest bodies of the System ATTRACT the Sun. Therefore, bodies neither escaped out of System by REPULSION nor collide upon the Sun by GRAVITATION. Both reverse forces counterbalances each other at ORBITS. Therefore, bodies remain in their fixed ORBITS. Interaction of SRF x Gravitation resulted into RETRACTION FORCE (RTF). RTF keeps all bodies in REVOLUTION and in ROTATION. This is the Astrodynamics of the Solar System in general:

SUN – PLANET SYSTEM:
THE SUN EXERTS SRF. Planets exert Gravitation (PGF). The Sun REPELS P1anets but Planets ATTRACT the Sun. Planets struggle to move INWARDLY towards the Sun by PGF. Sun struggles to move Planets AWAY OUTWARDLY by SRF. Therefore, Planets neither flung away out of System by SRF nor collide upon the Sun by PGF. At ORBITAL DISTANCE both reverse forces counterbalances each other. So Planets remain in fixed ORBITS.

Interaction of SRF with PGF resulted into RTF. RTF acts on planetary bodies in ratio proportional to the DENSITY of Planets and inversely proportional to square-root of distance from the Sun. As REVOLUTION is activated by SRF, so ORBITAL VELOCITY of Planets is inversely proportional to square-root of distance from the Sun. AXIAL ROTATION is owing to RTF. Axial Velocity is proportional to CUBE-ROOT OF DIAMETER of planetary body.

SUN – ASTEROIDS SYSTEM:
THE SUN EXERTS SRF. Asteroids exert GRAVITATION. The Sun REPELS Asteroids, while Asteroids ATTRACTS the Sun. Therefore, neither Asteroids flung away out of System by SRF nor collide upon the Sun by own force of Gravitation. At ORBITAL DISTANCES both reverse forces counterbalances each other. Therefore, Asteroids remain in fixed ORBIT and revolve around the Sun.

Interaction of SRF with Gravitation resulted into RTF. RTF keep Asteroids in Revolution and in Rotation. Asteroids revolve around the Sun at VELOCITY, which is inversely proportional to square-root of distance from the Sun or in ratio proportional to their DENSITY.
There is mutual attraction between Asteroids. The Mutual Gravitational force is counterbalanced by SRF. Therefore, Asteroids do not collide with each other and remain at mean constant distance from each other in their orbits. The Asteroids are of different DENSITIES. The Distance between each Asteroid and the Sun is inversely proportional to square of DENSITY of Asteroid. Therefore, Asteroids of lighter densities are in distant orbits while Asteroids of higher densities are in nearer orbits to the Sun.

PLANET – SATELLITE SYSTEM:
THE SUN EXERTS SRF. Planets and their Satellites exert force of GRAVITATION. There is mutual gravitation between Planets and Satellites. Therefore, Satellites should fall upon their Planets. However, Mutual Gravitational Force is counterbalanced by SRF at orbital distances. Therefore, Satellites remain at mean constant distance from Planets in their ORBITS and revolve around Planets.

Interaction of SRF with Satellites’ Gravitational force resulted into RTF. RTF keeps Satellites in REVOLUTION and in ROTATION.

PLANET – RINGLETS SYSTEM: (SATURN)
THE SUN EXERTS SRF. The Saturn and its Ringlets exert force of Gravitation. Therefore, there is Mutual Gravitation between the Planet and Ringlets. So, Ringlets should fall upon the Planet. But Ringlets do not collide upon the Planet Saturn. This is because the force of MUTUAL GRAVITATION is counterbalanced by SRF at ORBITAL DISTANCES of RINGLETS. Therefore, Ringlets remain in their respective ORBITS at fixed distances from the Planet.

There is mutual attraction between RINGLETS themselves. This Mutual Attraction is counterbalanced by anti-gravitational SRF. Therefore, each Ringlet remains at its own distances in orbits according to their DENSITIES. Ringlets have their own independent ORBITS, which follow the principles of DVdT. Ringlets of different DENSITIES are having different ORBITS. But Ringlets of same Density revolve in the same Orbits around the Planet.

Interaction of SRF and Gravitational intensity of Ringlets is resulted into the birth of new force and that is Retraction force (RTF). RTF keep Ringlets in Revolution around the Saturn and in Rotation.

Ringlets of the Rings of Planet Saturn and Jupiter (and also Asteroids) do not collide with each other by Mutual Gravitational Force between themselves because the intensity of Mutual Gravitation is neutralised and counterbalanced by Solar Repulsion Force (SRF). If the Sun does not exert force of REPULSION, then, all rest bodies of the Solar System should have combined/clubbed with each other and up to now have turned into ONE single massive planetary body.

SUN – COMET SYSTEM:
THE SUN EXERTS SRF. COMETS exert force of GRAVITATION. The Sun REPELS Comets while Comets attract the Sun. Therefore, Comets neither fall upon the Sun nor escape out of Solar System. The Interaction of SRF with Gravitational force is resulted into RETRACTION FORCE (RTF). RTF keeps Comets in REVOLUTION around the Sun.

Planets have near circular orbits but ORBITS of Comets are highly ECCENTRIC and extremely ELLIPTICAL. WHY ? There is no explanation in Old Astrophysics for the problem. The scientific answer is there in STREPULSION-PHYSICS (STRP).

As per STRP, RTF acts on planetary body or COMET in ratio proportional to DENSITY and inversely proportional to square-root of DISTANCE from the Sun. Therefore, DISTANCE of Comet from the Sun is inversely proportional to square of DENSITY. d = 1/D². So, greater the DENSITY of body, lesser the distance from the Sun. The body of Comet is of feeble constitution. Therefore, it expands and contracts under solar influence. By expansion, DENSITY decreases and by contraction, DENSITY increases. According to DVdT, as DENSITY go on increasing it moves nearer to the Sun and as DENSITY decreases the body moves away from the Sun. In Comets, the nuclei are only solid dense and firm mass. As Comet starts moving towards the Sun, the loose bounded COMA, the exterior region of Comet is separated from nucleus by SRF. Thus, DENSITY increases and Comet rush towards the Sun. Onward Perihelion, the next journey is started by SRF. From Perihelion, nucleus of Comet expands by solar heat. So, density decreases and by SRF Comet pushed away from the Sun. So, next journey towards Aphelion started. Therefore, Comet path is not in circular but it is like TO and FRO highly eccentric and elliptical orbit. From Aphelion to Perihelion is INWARD JOURNEY of Comet by rising DENSITY while Perihelion to Aphelion is OUTWARD JOURNEY of Comet by decreasing DENSITY. But in outward journey, gradually Comet gathers mass by observing interplanetary particles of dust. At Aphelion, Comet has highest mass and at Perihelion, Comet posses lowest mass.
So, the LAW: of RTF and DVdT keep comets in Revolution around the Sun in their abnormal orbital plane. INCREASING and FALLING DENSITIES of Comets due to solar influence is the principal cause for highly elliptical and eccentric orbits.

If the physical constitution of Comet would be SOLID and STABLE as Planets, Comets should have followed circular orbits as normal planetary bodies.

APHELION OF COMETS:
Aphelion is the farthest point in orbit of Comets. Comets are at maximum distance from the Sun at point of Aphelion. The point of Aphelion of some Comets is up to Jupiter’s orbit. Some Comets have the point of Aphelion around Pluto’s orbit and some have even beyond, extended up to 10th and 11th Planets.

The length of Aphelion from the Sun depends upon the reduction of Density of Comets. LOWER THE DENSITY, GREATER THE DISTANCE OF APHELION FROM THE SUN. When the Density of Comet reduced up to 0.4 (Earth = 1), its Aphelion point extended up to orbit of Jupiter. But if Density reduced up to 0.15, then, the Aphelia extended up to the orbit of Pluto. There are Comets whose Density reduced up to 0.1 and their point of Aphelion extended beyond orbits of Pluto, may be reaching up to distant Planets (Planet 10th and 11th) of the Solar System.



Present Solar System and its Astrodynamics prove - THE SUN EXERTS FORCE OF REPULSION, not Gravitation.

Dr. Navinchandra K. Shah
Prof. Pankaj N. Jain